2 Samuel 18:14

Authorized King James Version

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Then said Joab, I may not tarry thus with thee. And he took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom, while he was yet alive in the midst of the oak.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר Then said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר Then said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 17
to say (used with great latitude)
יוֹאָ֔ב Joab H3097
יוֹאָ֔ב Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 2 of 17
joab, the name of three israelites
לֹא H3808
לֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 3 of 17
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
כֵ֖ן H3651
כֵ֖ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 4 of 17
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
אֹחִ֣ילָה I may not tarry H3176
אֹחִ֣ילָה I may not tarry
Strong's: H3176
Word #: 5 of 17
to wait; by implication, to be patient, hope
לְפָנֶ֑יךָ thus with thee H6440
לְפָנֶ֑יךָ thus with thee
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 6 of 17
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
וַיִּקַּח֩ And he took H3947
וַיִּקַּח֩ And he took
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 7 of 17
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה three H7969
שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה three
Strong's: H7969
Word #: 8 of 17
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
שְׁבָטִ֜ים darts H7626
שְׁבָטִ֜ים darts
Strong's: H7626
Word #: 9 of 17
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
בְּכַפּ֗וֹ in his hand H3709
בְּכַפּ֗וֹ in his hand
Strong's: H3709
Word #: 10 of 17
the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-
וַיִּתְקָעֵם֙ and thrust H8628
וַיִּתְקָעֵם֙ and thrust
Strong's: H8628
Word #: 11 of 17
to clatter, i.e., slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become
בְּלֵ֥ב them through the heart H3820
בְּלֵ֥ב them through the heart
Strong's: H3820
Word #: 12 of 17
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם of Absalom H53
אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם of Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 13 of 17
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
עוֹדֶ֥נּוּ H5750
עוֹדֶ֥נּוּ
Strong's: H5750
Word #: 14 of 17
properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more
חַ֖י while he was yet alive H2416
חַ֖י while he was yet alive
Strong's: H2416
Word #: 15 of 17
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
בְּלֵ֥ב them through the heart H3820
בְּלֵ֥ב them through the heart
Strong's: H3820
Word #: 16 of 17
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
הָֽאֵלָֽה׃ in the midst of the oak H424
הָֽאֵלָֽה׃ in the midst of the oak
Strong's: H424
Word #: 17 of 17
an oak or other strong tree

Analysis & Commentary

Then said Joab, I may not tarry thus with thee. And he took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom, while he was yet alive in the midst of the oak.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Death, emphasizing tragedy of rebellion. Absalom's death despite David's orders demonstrates the tragic consequences of rebellion against God's anointed. The graphic description of Absalom caught in oak branches suggests divine judgment. David's overwhelming grief ("O my son Absalom") reveals parental love even for rebellious children. Theological themes include the tragedy of rebellion, the reality that sin leads to death, parental love's persistence, and the danger of prioritizing family over kingdom responsibilities.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 18 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding tragedy of rebellion provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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